Unlawful discrimination occurs when an individual's compensation, terms, condition, or privileges of employment is negatively impacted due to that individual's membership in a protected classification. Unlawful harassment is a subset of discrimination and occurs when abusive and harassing behavior is directed at an individual due to his membership in a protected class. Workplace harassment is that conduct which unreasonably interferes with a person's work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Both discrimination and harassment may manifest itself in varying ways, but have the above traits in common.
The theory behind harassment is that abusive and harassing behavior can adversely affect the terms, conditions or privileges of employment, thereby violating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. There are two general types of harassment 1. Quid Pro Quo--When an employee must submit to such conduct as a condition of employment and/or when decisions about an employee's job such as promotion, demotion, benefits and wages are based on his or her submission to, or rejection of, such conduct; or 2. Hostile Work Environment--Any unwanted attention of a discriminatory nature from someone in the workplace (supervisors, coworkers, clients, customers) that is offensive, causes discomfort and/or interferes with the employee's job performance.
Common types of employment discrimination and harassment are as follows:
1. Sex/Gender-based discrimination and harassment;
2. Race/Color-based discrimination and harassment;
3. National-origin/Citizenship-based discrimination and harassment;
4. Religious discrimination and harassment;
5. Age-based discrimination and harassment;
6. Disability-based discrimination and harassment;
7. Retaliation.
Harassment claims carry the same damages available under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. The EEOC is charged with administering Title VII. Therefore, an employee who wishes to bring a harassment lawsuit must first obtain a "right to sue" letter from the EEOC.